References for "Should I feel guilty using AI?"

1. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02680-3

2. https://www.demandsage.com/chatgpt-statistics/

3. https://www.csis.org/analysis/mine-microchip

4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969725006813

5. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023-gallium.pdf

6. https://impaxam.com/insights-and-news/blog/quenching-the-semiconductor-industrys-thirst/

7. https://www.apple.com/environment/

8. https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/jan/10/how-much-water-food-production-waste

9. https://www.proofnews.org/youtube-ai-search/

10. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2025/03/search-libgen-data-set/682094/

11. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00616-z

12. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271

13. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06879-8

14. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03271

15. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.16863

16. https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2024

17. https://www.npr.org/2024/09/20/nx-s1-5120581/three-mile-island-nuclear-power-plant-microsoft-ai

18. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02680-3

19. https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/the-growing-environmental-risks-of-e-waste/

20. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c51yvz51k2xo

21. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemmagreen/2024/08/29/why-big-corporations-are-quietly-abandoning-their-climate-commitments/

22. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024

23. https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/01/31/1110776/deepseek-might-not-be-such-good-news-for-energy-after-all/

24. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/ai-energy-demand

25. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02391-9

26. https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/2024-environmental-report/

27. https://www.ignitec.com/insights/iot-in-uk-smart-grids-powering-a-reliable-and-energy-efficient-future/

28. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/why-ai-and-energy-are-the-new-power-couple

29. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/30/high-tech-high-yields-the-kenyan-farmers-deploying-ai-to-increase-productivity

30. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-51969-w

31. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/jan/10/ai-driven-misinformation-biggest-short-term-threat-to-global-economy

32. https://news.microsoft.com/2019/02/22/exxonmobil-to-increase-permian-profitability-through-digital-partnership-with-microsoft/

33. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54271-x

34. https://ourworldindata.org/scaling-up-ai

35. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00478-x

36. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/27/technology/openai-chatgpt-investors-funding.html

37. https://mit-genai.pubpub.org/pub/8ulgrckc/release/2

38. https://brill.com/display/book/9789004444836/BP000044.xml

39. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/09/tuesday-briefing-first-edition-amazon-uk-unions-gmb

40. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/14/france-unions-president-macron-pension-reform

References for "How much progress have we made on climate change?"

1. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/05/ipcc_90_92_assessments_far_wg_I_spm.pdf

2. https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors

3. https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy

4. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/installed-global-renewable-energy-capacity-by-technology

5. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2024/

6. https://ember-energy.org/countries-and-regions/latin-america-and-caribbean/

7. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2023/10/19/energy-independent-uruguay-runs-on-100-renewables-for-four-straight-months/

8. https://ember-energy.org/countries-and-regions/brazil/

9. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2023/11/01/south-australia-to-reach-100-renewables-as-soon-as-2027/

10. https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/pv_solar/india-achieves-850-000-rooftop-solar-installations-20250129

11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/11/china-building-twice-as-much-wind-and-solar-power-as-rest-of-world-report

12. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region

13. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita

14. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-record-surge-of-clean-energy-in-2024-halts-chinas-co2-rise/

15. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chinas-fossil-fuelled-power-output-may-fall-2025-first-time-decade-2025-01-27

16. https://www.iea.org/news/a-new-era-for-nuclear-energy-beckons-as-projects-policies-and-investments-increase

17. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2024/the-big-picture/

18. https://renews.biz/97985/grenergy-nears-1bn-funding-for-oasis-de-atacama/

19. https://www.heatpumps.london/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-heat-pumps

20. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cg52543v6rmo

21. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-07/evs-hybrids-set-to-exceed-50-of-china-car-sales-for-first-time

22. https://www.iea.org/world/energy-mix#how-is-energy-used-globally

23. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2025/01/14/this-chinese-province-is-leading-the-world-in-electrification/

24. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2025/02/11/inside-east-africas-bold-electric-vehicle-push/

25. https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/the-climate-crisis-worsens-the-warming-outlook-stagnates/

26. https://climateanalytics.org/comment/new-gas-and-oil-has-prevented-co2-global-emissions-from-peaking

27. https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2023/executive-summary

28. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2023/08/why-steel-can-be-an-unexpected-leader-in-decarbonization/

29. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2024/11/19/decarbonising-manufacturing-most-processes-are-no-longer-hard-to-abate/

30. https://www.carbonbrief.org/steel-industry-makes-pivotal-shift-towards-lower-carbon-production/

31. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-fossil-plus-land-use

32. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/amazon-2024

33. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2024?vis=co2tot#data_download

34. https://www.ft.com/content/f3c69a7d-0db1-4882-8d35-02ec4c57ea53

35. https://oilprice-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Middle-East-Is-Bracing-for-a-Solar-Energy-Boom.amp.html

36. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2025/01/21/introducing-the-worlds-biggest-round-the-clock-solar-project/

37. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2024/overview-and-key-findings

38. https://environmentamerica.org/center/updates/heat-pumps-are-outselling-gas-furnaces-by-a-record-margin/

References for "2024: A Year In Climate Change"

1. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1dpnxnvv2go

2. https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.shtml

3. https://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/

4. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-will-reach-new-high-in-2024-despite-slower-growth/

5. https://www.statista.com/statistics/526002/energy-related-carbon-dioxide-emissions-worldwide/

6. https://globalcarbonbudget.org/

7. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2024/05/29/chinas-emissions-now-in-a-structural-decline-data-suggests/

8. https://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-to-expect-in-chinas-climate-pledge-for-2035

9. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/09/china-to-head-green-energy-boom-with-60-of-new-projects-in-next-six-years

10. https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/11/12/nwae367/7831648

11. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-fossil-plus-land-use

12. https://unfccc.int/topics/introduction-to-land-use

13. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/amazon-2024

14. https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/india-heatwaves-deaths-election-2024-b2555692.html

15. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn05rz3w4x1o

16. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c8000dgk9gzo

17. https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/april-heatwave-2024-southeast-asia-climate-change-b2544767.html

18. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68835575

19. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c98eylqeg06o

20. https://www.dw.com/en/fatal-floods-landslides-strike-indias-northeastern-regions/a-69540030

21. https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/cp87g4p73kxo

22. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/global-coral-bleaching-event-expands-now-largest-record-2024-10-17/

23. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01442-3

24. https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-the-recent-acceleration-in-global-warming-is-what-scientists-expect/

25. https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-accelerating-record-hot-deadly-434881547b4585a32fa906cf5495d3f0

26. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/14/climate/indonesia-election-climate-coal-nickel.html

27. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/jun/05/india-election-results-heat-bjp-cllmate-crisis

28. https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop16-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-biodiversity-conference-in-cali-colombia/

29. https://climateactiontracker.org/

30. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2lknel1xpo

31. https://youtu.be/CQ-NBlPSQZI?si=kniRvveZcfT_IZ4N

32. https://www.simonoxfphys.com/newsletter

33. https://youtu.be/R9U23uF8RAE?si=nAynutQrtpIqvm8v

34. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-trump-election-win-could-add-4bn-tonnes-to-us-emissions-by-2030/

35. https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions

36. https://theprogressplaybook.com/2024/05/08/the-world-now-gets-more-than-30-of-its-electricity-from-renewables/

37. https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2024/executive-summary

38. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/china-coal-plants

39. https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-coal-phaseout-g7-2ef72d6ca07441084237630f6b629d19

40. https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/coal-phaseout-UK/index.html

41. https://rmi.org/insight/the-cleantech-revolution/

42. https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024

References for "The existential threat to the Olympics"

1. https://ourworldindata.org/temperature-anomaly

2. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/08/temperatures-1-point-5c-above-pre-industrial-era-average-for-12-months-data-shows

3. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-1/1-2/1-2-2/figure-1-3/

4. https://basis.org.uk/resource/rings-of-fire-2/

5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236240/#:~:text=Heat%20stress%20reduces%20a%20person's,somewhat%20abated%20by%20heat%20acclimatization

6. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jul/25/deadly-global-heatwaves-undeniably-result-of-climate-crisis-scientists-attribution

7. https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2468

8. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/24/football-player-heat-deaths-athlete

9. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/05/olympic-athletes-and-volunteers-in-tokyo-tortured-by-heat

10. https://www.sorbonne-universite.fr/en/news/will-2024-olympics-provide-better-understanding-dangers-humid-temperatures

11. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/31/extreme-heat-dome-hitting-olympics-impossible-without-global-heating

12. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/articles/c1rwxz2eqv9o

13. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/30/climate-crisis-to-blame-for-delay-to-triathlon-say-paris-olympic-organisers

14. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhes/20/1/20_1/_pdf

15. https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-investigating-climate-changes-humidity-paradox/

16. https://olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-the-effects-of-technological-advancements-on-world-record-swimming-times

17. https://olympics.com/ioc/news/less-better-and-for-longer-five-ways-paris-2024-is-delivering-more-sustainable-games

18. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-paris-olympics-are-a-lesson-in-greenwashing/

References for "How coal mining could save the climate"

1. https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy
2. https://www.barbarafreese.com/coal-a-human-history
3. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-energy-substitution
4. https://i0.wp.com/yaleclimateconnections.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/null-2.png
5. https://www.tradeimex.in/blogs/coal-exports-statistics
6. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-coal?tab=chart
7. https://grid.iamkate.com/
8. https://www.changeanyway.com/with-storage-to-100-renewable-power-supply/
9. https://liftoff.energy.gov/next-generation-geothermal-power/
10. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/02/geothermal-energy-electricity
11. https://www.texastribune.org/2024/03/26/texas-geothermal-energy-oil-and-gas/
12. https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2022/chapters/chapter_01/chapter_01/
13. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c191c05ed915d0b9211b9c5/decarbonising-heating.pdf
14. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/geology-projects/geothermal-energy/geothermal-technologies/
15. https://www.leeds-pipes.co.uk/\
16. https://www.multipipe.co.uk/district-heating/
17. https://www.danskfjernvarme.dk/english/statistics
18. https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/SE_zuzycie_energii_gosp_dom_2009.pdf
19. https://gogn.orkustofnun.is/os-onnur-rit/Orkutolur-2020-enska.pdf
20. https://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/coalauthority/home.html
21. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CDP-2021-0143/CDP-2021-0143.pdf
22. https://guidetodistrictheating.eu/heerlen/
23. https://www.gateshead.gov.uk/article/2993/Gateshead-District-Energy-Scheme
24. https://www2.groundstability.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CA_Seaham_Brochure.290120.pdf
25. https://www.southtyneside.gov.uk/article/3763/Overview
26. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/30/west-of-england-coalmines-to-be-mapped-for-renewable-energy-potential
27. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heat-network-zoning-overview/heat-network-zoning-overview
28. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/heat-networks-delivery-unit
29. https://www.themj.co.uk/Government-admits-councils-spending-75-of-budgets-on-adult-social-care/233457

References for Soup Emporium’s sections are here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mM-dKVSsW1VRSH_NFlultKbjESxZdVBn9jfN4N7oGl0/

References for "How green is fake meat, really?"

1. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-with-un-projections
2. https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-sector
3. https://www.statista.com/statistics/879954/annual-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-agriculture-in-european-union/
4. https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/cap-and-climate-16-2021/en/
5. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/meat-consumption-vs-gdp-per-capita
6. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216
7. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/food-emissions-supply-chain
8. https://apps.carboncloud.com/climatehub/product-reports/id/2052980364385
9. https://apps.carboncloud.com/climatehub/product-reports/id/126558621326
10. https://www.fnbnews.com/Top-News/new-analysis-shows-seitans-carbon-footprint-is-130-times-lower-than-beef-64167
11. https://ourworldindata.org/less-meat-or-sustainable-meat
12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11274-019-2723-9
13. https://www.quorn.co.uk/assets/files/content/Carbon-Trust-Comparison-Report-2022.pdf
14. https://investors.beyondmeat.com/static-files/758cf494-d46d-441c-8e96-86ddb57fbed4?_ga=2.17879226.2031837601.1712070173-764578028.1712070173
15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550921002165
16. https://www.prweb.com/releases/SCiFi_Foods_Conducts_World_s_First_Sustainability_Study_of_Cultivated_Beef_Products_Proving_Climate_Benefit_Claims/prweb19071681.htm
17. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-022-02128-8
18. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/05/meat-without-murder-modern-meadow
19. https://www.theguardian.com/food/2021/jun/16/eat-just-no-kill-meat-chicken-josh-tetrick
20. https://www.theguardian.com/food/2020/dec/07/lab-grown-chicken-tastes-like-chicken-but-the-feeling-when-eating-it-is-more-complicated

References for my 2023 review of climate change news

As there are so many references in this video I thought I would include them in a list here, to avoid crowding out the video description.

1. https://www.simonoxfphys.com/newsletter

2. https://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-november-2023-remarkable-year-continues-warmest-boreal-autumn-2023-will-be-warmest-year

3. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/gobsmackingly-bananas-scientists-stunned-by-planets-record-september-heat

4. https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-heat-cause-global-warming-3d7d0ee31e022aab535adf57b54618ac

5. https://youtu.be/G7AHcp4J9WM

6. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content

7. https://www.carbonbrief.org/state-of-the-climate-global-temperatures-throughout-mid-2023-shatter-records/

8. https://climate.copernicus.eu/record-breaking-north-atlantic-ocean-temperatures-contribute-extreme-marine-heatwaves

9. https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-sea-surface-temperature-reaches-record-high

10. https://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-temperature-over-all-ice-free-oceans-may-2023-was-highest-record

11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/29/something-weird-is-going-on-search-for-answers-as-antarctic-sea-ice-stays-at-historic-lows

12. https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/loss-of-sea-ice-causes-catastrophic-breeding-failure-for-emperor-penguins/

13. https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/aerosols-are-so2-emissions-reductions-contributing-global-warming

14. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02112023/study-warns-of-spike-of-warming-divides-climate-scientists/

15. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/28/crazy-off-the-charts-records-has-humanity-finally-broken-the-climate

16. https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-news-and-updates/wildfires-mediterranean-effis-data-reveal-extent-summer-2023-09-08_en

17. https://www.unicef.org/emergencies/devastating-flooding-libya

18. https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/interplay-of-climate-change-exacerbated-rainfall-exposure-and-vulnerability-led-to-widespread-impacts-in-the-mediterranean-region/

19. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/04/invasive-species-cost-humans-423bn-each-year-and-threaten-worlds-diversity-aoe

20. https://www.fao.org/3/cc7900en/online/impact-of-disasters-on-agriculture-and-food-2023/key-messages.html

21. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01859-7/fulltext

22. https://www.bmj.com/content/383/bmj-2023-077784

23. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/07/meet-the-oil-man-tasked-with-saving-the-planet-cop28

24. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/30/agreement-on-loss-and-damage-deal-expected-on-first-day-of-cop28-talks

25. https://theconversation.com/cop28-countries-have-pledged-to-cut-emissions-from-cooling-heres-how-to-make-it-happen-219630

26. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/03/back-into-caves-cop28-president-dismisses-phase-out-of-fossil-fuels

27. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/11/climate/cop-28-draft-agreement-fossil-fuel-monday/index.html

28. https://www.threads.net/@deanrizzetti/post/C006KJwtGJW

29. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67508331

30. https://youtu.be/uzBwNeZlXL8

31. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03849-y

32. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-39810-w

33. https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-paper-warning-of-a-collapse-of-the-atlantic-meridional-overturning-circulation/

34. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01667-8

35. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

36. https://skepticalscience.com/subscribe.php

37. https://skepticalscience.com/realize-climate-progress.html

38. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67198206

39. https://www.iea.org/news/the-energy-world-is-set-to-change-significantly-by-2030-based-on-today-s-policy-settings-alone

40. https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-the-inflation-reduction-act-narrows-the-gap-to-us-climate-goals/

41. https://www.carbonbrief.org/eus-use-of-fossil-fuels-for-electricity-falls-17-to-record-low-in-first-half-of-2023/

42. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-emissions-set-to-fall-in-2024-after-record-growth-in-clean-energy/

43. https://rmi.org/insight/peak-fossil-fuel-demand-for-electricity/

44. https://www.ft.com/content/f6155d7b-2ef7-4f62-a08a-b640b7e87fca

45. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-global-co2-emissions-could-peak-as-soon-as-2023-iea-data-reveals/

46. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/08/climate-action-un-global-emissions-report

47. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/nuclear-renewables-electricity

48. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/sub-energy-fossil-renewables-nuclear